Crista terminalis: Structure between smooth and trabeculated parts of RA. It is seen at the junction of SVC and RA. It is visualized in the bicaval view.
Eustachian valve: Valve of the IVC. It is seen in 4C / Bicaval view in 25% population at the junction of RA and IVC. It can be confused with thrombus.
Thebesian Valve: Valve of the coronary sinus. It may make coronary sinus cannulation difficult.
Chiary network: Mobile, filamentous structure seen in RA. It is probably a remnant of sinus venosus derived structures. It is associated with PFO, paradoxical embolism and interatrial septal aneurysm.
Coronary Sinus: Seen in 0 degree view as an echo free space just above tricuspid valve in the RA. If >1cm – possibility of persistent LSVC. It can also be seen in 90 degree 2-C view.
Persistent LSVC: drains into coronary sinus. It can be seen between LAA and descending aorta. It can also be seen between LAA and LUPV. In this setting it can be misinterpreted as a cyst or abscess. It should have colour flow in it. Agitated saline injection into left upper extremity vein should opacify coronary sinus and RA to confirm the diagnosis.
Trabeculations: More characteristic of RA and RV. They are caused by muscle bundles on the endocardial surface.
Pectinate Muscles: series of parallel ridges coursing along anterior surface of RA and LA.
LA is entirely smooth except for LAA.
Coumadin ridge: Junction of LAA and LUPV
Persistent LSVC drains into coronary sinus and leads to its dilatation.
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